Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Meniscal Tear — Clinical Examination Tests Overview The meniscus acts as an important cushion between the femoral condyle and tibial plateau. A typical meniscal injury history includes: Twisting injury Medial or lateral joint-line pain Swelling/effusion Mechanical symptoms: Clicking Locking Catching Range of motion is usually normal, […]
Ankle Ligament Injury, Evaluation and Tests, Diagnosis and Treatment.
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Ankle Sprain – Evaluation, Tests, Diagnosis, and Treatment General Concepts Ankle ligaments are complex stabilizers of the ankle joint Injury to these ligaments = ankle sprain Types of Ankle Sprain Low ankle sprain Lateral ligament injury (most common) High ankle sprain Syndesmotic injury (less common, […]
Tests for Examination of the Shoulder
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Clinical Evaluation of the Shoulder Overview History – Active & passive ROM – Differentiate shoulder from cervical pain – AC joint – Rotator cuff/subacromial pathology – Glenohumeral instability – Biceps/SLAP lesion General Evaluation Begin with: Detailed history Clinical examination Active range of motion Passive range of […]
Neurological Evaluation Of The Lumbar Nerve Roots.
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Neurological Evaluation of Lumbar Nerve Roots Overview For any suspected lumbar nerve-root lesion, assess three things: Sensory changes 2. Motor changes 3. Reflex changes then works through L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, and S1 according to the level of disc herniation. L1 Nerve Root Disc level […]
Tests For Examination Of The Knee
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
Deltoid Muscle Injection – Axillary Nerve, Deltoid Muscle Anatomy
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
Flexor Tendon Injuries, Diagnosis and Treatment
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
Cervical Spine Myelopathy & Radiculopathy
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Cervical Myelopathy vs Cervical Radiculopathy Introduction Cervical spine pathology may produce either: Cervical myelopathy (spinal cord compression) Cervical radiculopathy (nerve root compression) Differentiating the two is critical because cervical myelopathy is a neurological emergency that may require urgent surgical treatment. Part 1: Cervical Myelopathy Definition […]
Ganglion Cyst Of The Wrist
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
Intramuscular Injection of the Deltoid Muscle, Immunization, Deltoid Muscle Anatomy
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
Baker’s Cyst of the Knee, Meniscus Tear, Arthritis of the Knee
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
Neck Pain, Cervical Disc Herniation & Radiculopathy
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Cervical Disc Herniation and Radiculopathy Introduction Cervical disc herniation occurs when disc material compresses a cervical nerve root, producing radiculopathy. Typical manifestations include: Neck pain Radiating arm pain Sensory symptoms Weakness Reflex abnormalities Common Levels The most commonly affected levels are: C6–C7 C5–C6 These account […]
Complicated Low Back Pain.
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Complicated Low Back Pain – Clinical Overview Introduction Low back pain is one of the most common clinical complaints encountered in medical practice. Most cases are: Non-specific Self-limiting Multifactorial However, some patients present with red flags or serious underlying pathology that require urgent evaluation and […]
Hamstring Injuries, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
Is It Hip Pain or Sciatica? Which one is causing the Pain, the Spine or the Hip?
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Hip Pain vs Sciatica (Spine) – Clinical Differentiation Introduction Hip and lumbar spine disorders commonly coexist and frequently produce overlapping symptoms. The primary clinical goal is to identify the main pain generator: Hip pathology Spine pathology Or both simultaneously Failure to recognize dual pathology may […]