Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
-Metabolic Disorders
Understanding Osteoporosis
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Osteoporosis: Causes, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Impact Overview Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder characterized by: Decreased bone mass Deterioration of bone microarchitecture Reduced bone strength Leads to an increased risk of fractures Bone Strength Depends On Bone mineral density (BMD) Bone quality: Microarchitecture Bone turnover […]
Eosinophilic Granuloma
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Overview Vertebra plana refers to complete or near-complete collapse of a vertebral body, resulting in a flattened appearance. Classically associated with eosinophilic granuloma Represents a manifestation of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) Important because it can mimic multiple serious conditions Definition Vertebra plana: Flattening of vertebral […]
Female Athlete Triad
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Female Athlete Triad Overview The Female Athlete Triad is a clinical condition seen in physically active females, especially in sports that emphasize: Low body weight Aesthetic appearance Endurance performance Commonly Affected Athletes Gymnastics Ballet and dance Endurance runners Weight-category sports (e.g., bodybuilding, wrestling) Definition The […]
Paget’s Disease Of The Spine
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Paget Disease of the Spine & Differential Diagnosis of Vertebral Sclerosis Overview When evaluating lumbar spine X-rays, a vertebra may appear abnormally sclerotic (white). This finding requires careful differentiation between multiple conditions, as imaging alone may not be sufficient. Common Differential Diagnoses Paget disease of […]
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva
? Courtesy: ShivShankar Challa, MS, FRCS, MCh MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS PROGRESSIVA • Newer terminology – Heterotopic ossification • Reactive lesion occurring in the soft tissue characterized by fibrous, osseous and cartilaginous proliferation and by metaplasia • First described by Riedel in 1883 • Derived from Greek terminology. • Hetero-other, Topos-location, Ossificans-bone formation TRAUMATIC HO • […]
Paget’s disease for the FRCSOrth
Courtesy: Ajith Appuhamy, FRCS Tr and Orth, Srilanka Paget Disease of Bone Overview Paget disease of bone is a chronic metabolic bone disorder characterized by abnormal bone remodeling. Key Pathological Process Excessive osteoclastic bone resorption Followed by disorganized osteoblastic bone formation Resulting Bone Characteristics Structurally weak Hypervascular Deformed Leads to altered joint biomechanics and […]
Paget’s Disease
Courtesy: OI Foundation Paget Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans) Overview Paget disease of bone is a chronic disorder of bone remodeling, first described by Sir James Paget in 1876. Characterized by: Excessive osteoclastic bone resorption Followed by disorganized osteoblastic bone formation Result Enlarged bone Structural weakness Bone deformities Epidemiology Prevalence Previously: 3–4% of individuals […]
Ochronosis and Alkaptonuria
Courtesy: Dr Shivshankar Challa, MS, MRCS, Mch Introduction: Overview of Alkaptonuria Alkaptonuria is an extremely rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder. It is caused by deficiency of the enzyme homogentisic acid dioxygenase. The condition affects approximately one in two hundred and fifty thousand to one in one million live births. Under normal metabolism, homogentisic acid is […]
Pathophysiology and Clinical Features of Rickets
Courtesy: Michael Bullen and the OrthoFRACS Rickets: Causes, Pathophysiology, and Management Overview Rickets is a pediatric metabolic bone disorder characterized by: Defective mineralization of: Growth plate cartilage Bone Skeletal deformities Growth retardation Most Common Cause Vitamin D deficiency Historical Notes Term derived from German word “Ricken” (meaning twisted) Known as the “English disease” Early […]