Courtesy: Derek Lohan MD David Geffen School of Medicine MRI Anatomy of the Ankle Introduction MRI of the ankle is an essential imaging modality used to evaluate: Tendons Ligaments Bones Joint structures Tendon Compartments of the Ankle Tendons around the ankle are grouped into three compartments: Flexor compartment (posteromedial) Peroneal compartment (lateral) Extensor compartment […]
-Applied Anatomy
Osteoclast function and Roles
? Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Osteoclast is a large multinucleated cell. It has 15- 20 nuclei. Its origin is from the fusion of macrophages /monocytes. As many as 50 of cells fuse to form a giant osteoclast. Osteoclast absorbs bone. Its function is regulated by osteoblast. Life span is of […]
Anatomy and Innervation of the Lumbar Plexus
Courtesy: Medical Lectures Made Easy Introduction The lumbar plexus is a complex network of nerves formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves L1 to L4, with occasional contribution from T12. Location The plexus is located within the psoas major muscle, situated along the posterior abdominal wall. Functions The lumbar plexus provides motor and sensory […]
Acetabular fractures: Applied Anatomy
?? Courtesy: Saqib Rehman MD, Director of Orthopaedic Trauma Introduction Understanding acetabular fractures requires a solid grasp of: Acetabular anatomy Column concept Vascular anatomy Neural anatomy Radiographic interpretation Historical Background Modern classification is based on the work of: Robert Judet Émile Letournel Their Judet–Letournel classification remains the gold standard Osteology of the Acetabulum Components The […]
Types of Joints: Anatomic and Radiologic Correlation
Courtesy: Andrew Dixon MD Radiologist Alfred Health Melbourne, Australia and Radiopedia www.radiopaedia.org Types of Joints: Anatomic and Radiologic Correlation Definition A joint (articulation) is a site where two or more bones meet Functions: Provide stability Allow movement Offer mechanical support Additional Note Some joints are temporary (during skeletal development) Most joints persist in the […]
Sciatica Anatomy
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Anatomy of sciatica The sciatic nerve is a large nerve that originates from the lumbosacral plexus of lower spine with a root value of L4, L5, S1, S2& S3 . The nerve initially emerges from the pelvis and leaves the greater sciatic notch, anterior and deep […]
The Superior Gluteal Artery
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Superior Gluteal Artery Overview The superior gluteal artery is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery. Clinical Importance Injury can cause massive hemorrhage At risk in: Pelvic fractures Acetabular surgery Damage may lead to: Gluteal muscle ischemia Origin Arterial Pathway Abdominal aorta divides at […]
Anatomy of Coracoid, Conoid and Coronoid
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA This video speaks about the coracoid, conoid, coronoid processes. Coracoid is the hook shaped bony process of scapula. It is considered as the surgeons lighthouse. It is safe to do surgical approaches lateral to coracoid process. The neuro vascular bundle lies medial to coracoid process. Three […]
Anatomy of Brachialis, Coracobrachialis and Brachioradialis
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Overview The coracobrachialis, brachialis, and brachioradialis are commonly confused due to: Similar-sounding names Their role in flexion movements Their location along the anterior aspect of the upper limb Simple Memory Tip Think in proximal – distal order: Coracobrachialis – Shoulder (proximal) Brachialis – Arm (mid-region) Brachioradialis […]
Anatomy of Gracilis Muscle
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA GRACILIS MUSCLE ANATOMY It is the most superficial muscle on the medial side of thigh The tendon of gracilis muscle is easily palpable in the inguinal region together with adductor longus muscle. Medial side of the thigh contains the adductor group of muscles which help […]
Gluteus Medius #Anatomy
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA This video describes anatomy of gluteus medius muscle. It originates from dorsal ilium inferior to iliac crest from posterior gluteal line to anterior gluteal line and inserts into lateral and superior aspect of greater trochanter of femur. Gluteus medius forms the middle layer of gluteal muscles, […]
Acromioclavicular Joint #Anatomy and Classification of Injury
? Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Definition The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is the articulation between: The acromion of the scapula The distal clavicle It is a synovial plane joint that permits small gliding movements. Stability of the AC Joint AC joint stability is maintained by two major […]
Extensor Muscles of #thumb
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA EXTENSOR MUSCLES OF THUMB Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Origin: posterior surface of Radius and interosseous membrane Insertion: Proximal phalanx of thumb Extensor Pollicis Longus Origin: posterior surface of Ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: Distal phalanx of thumb Abductor […]
Anatomy of #Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraaheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Origin Posterior surface of the radius Interosseous membrane of the forearm Insertion Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb Nerve Supply Posterior interosseous nerve Function Extension of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint Anatomical Relationships Forms the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox Lies in […]
Anatomy of Abductor #Pollicis Longus
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS • The Abductor Pollicis Longus is an important muscle . • It is one of the extrinsic muscles of the hand. ORIGIN: It arises from the posterior surface of the ulna, radius and the interosseous membrane. INSERTION: The APL is inserted into the […]