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Outerbridge Classification of Cartilage defects

? Courtesy: Christopher McCrum, UT SouthWestern, Dallas, Texas, USA Outerbridge Bentley Classification: Grade I lesion: articular surfaces that are swollen, soft, and in some cases blistered. Grade II lesions: characterized by articular fissures and clefts with diameters <1 cm. Grade III lesions: deep fissures extending to subchondral bone with diameters >1 cm. Grade IV lesions: […]

Generation of Xrays

Courtesy: Rishi Dhir, FRCS Orth, Lets Talk Dr, UK

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

Courtesy: Amr Abdelgawad, Maimonaides Medical Centre, Brooklyn, New York, USA Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) Introduction Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is one of the most common hip disorders affecting adolescents. It involves: Displacement of the proximal femoral metaphysis relative to the epiphysis Importantly, the femoral head remains within the acetabulum, making the term […]

Stulberg Classification in Perthe’s Disease

Courtesy: Sally Hobson, Hull ROyal Infirmary, Hull, UK Stulberg Classification (Based on Femoral Head Shape and Congruence) This classification evaluates the shape of the femoral head and its congruence with the acetabulum on radiographs after healing. Type I – Spherically Congruent (Normal) Femoral head: Completely normal and spherical. Acetabulum: Normal. Joint congruence: Perfect congruence between […]

Arthroscopy-Guided Latarjet for Anterior Shoulder Instability

Courtesy: Sabri Dlimi, MD, Shoulder Surgeon, Casa di Cura di cura Madonna della salute , Rovigo, Italy Arthroscopy-Guided Latarjet for Anterior Shoulder Instability

Total Ankle Replacement- an Overview

Courtesy: Koswhik Jain, FRCS Orth, Dudley Group, NHS Trust, UK Total Ankle Replacement (TAR): Overview, Principles, and Clinical Practice Overview Total Ankle Replacement (TAR) is an evolving surgical procedure for end-stage ankle arthritis, aimed at: Pain relief Preservation of ankle motion Improved gait mechanics Despite increasing adoption, TAR remains a relatively less common and […]

Herring Classification for Perthe’s Disease

? Courtesy: Dr Sally Hobson, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK Herring (Lateral Pillar) Classification This classification is based on the preservation of the lateral pillar of the femoral head epiphysis on anteroposterior radiographs during the fragmentation stage. Type A Lateral pillar height: 100% preserved (no loss of height). Femoral head: Maintains normal height and structure. […]

Classification of Throwing Phases in Athletes

Courtesy: Mathew Binkley MD, Assistant Professor, University of Buffalo, USA The six phases of throwing: wind-up stride (early cocking) late cocking acceleration deceleration follow through

Wassel Classification of Thumb Polydactyly

Courtesy: Rishi Dhir, FRCS Orth, UK Wassel Classification of Thumb Polydactyly type I describes a bifid distal phalanx type II, duplicated distal phalanx type III, bifid proximal phalanx type IV, duplicated proximal phalanx type V, bifid metacarpal type VI, duplicated metacarpal type VII, triphalangism

How to Draw Limb Bud?

Courtesy: Rishi Dhir, FRCS Orth, UK

All about Ankle Arthritis

Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Ankle Arthritis: Clinical Presentation and Management Clinical Presentation Common Symptoms Patients with ankle arthritis typically present with: Long-standing, diffuse ankle pain Pain localized within the ankle joint Antalgic or altered gait Swelling Reduced range of motion Sensory Assessment Performed using Semmes–Weinstein 5.07 monofilament testing Clinical […]