Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
Vitamin D Resistant Rickets
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
Maisonneuve Fracture of Ankle
Courtesy: Prof Nabil EBraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Definition Maisonneuve fracture is a proximal fibular fracture associated with an unstable syndesmotic injury of the ankle. It is an important injury because the ankle injury may appear minor while significant instability exists at the syndesmosis. Why is it Commonly Missed? The injury may present without: […]
Update in the Management of Acetabular Defects
Courtesy: Neil Sheth, MD, Chief of Orthopaedcis, Hospital for the University of Pennsylvania, USA
Multi-Ligament Knee Injuries
Courtesy: Dr Peter MacDonald, FRCS, President-Elect, American Shoulder and Elbow Society, Past President, Canadian Orthopaedic Association
Coxa Vara in Children
Courtesy: Prof Hitesh Shah, Professor of Paediatric Orthopaedics, KMC Manipal, India Coxa Vara in Children Introduction Coxa vara is a pediatric hip deformity characterized by a decreased femoral neck-shaft angle. The condition alters: Hip biomechanics Abductor function Limb alignment If progressive, it can lead to gait abnormalities, limb shortening, and long-term hip dysfunction. Normal […]
Nonunion of the Humerus
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
Fracture Humerus and Radial Nerve Palsy
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Radial nerve can be identified as it runs through the spiral groove between the heads of triceps. The nerve lies posterior to the deltoid tuberosity. The nerve crosses the posterior aspect of the humerus about 20 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle and about 15cm proximal […]
Elbow Pain: Causes and Treatment
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Introduction Elbow pain is best approached anatomically. Localizing the pain to a specific region of the elbow often helps narrow the diagnosis and guide treatment. The elbow can be divided into four regions: Anterior (front) Medial (inner side) Posterior (back) Lateral (outer side) This simple […]
Must-Know MCQs for the Fellowship Exam
Courtesy: Zaid Al-RUb, FRCS Orth, Founder, OrthoPass Courtesy: Zaid Al-Rub, Founder and CEO, OrthoPass Gap Balancing in Total Knee Replacement Scenario Primary Total Knee Replacement (TKR). After distal femur and proximal tibial cuts: Extension gap – tight Flexion gap – balanced First Step Posterior capsule release Principles of Gap Balancing Rule 1: Address soft tissue before additional […]
Anatomy of the Elbow
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Anatomy of the Elbow Elbow is made of following bones Humerus, Radius and Ulna The lower end of the humerus have two epicondyles: lateral epicondyle and medial epicondyle and it also has the capitellum laterally and the trochlea medially The proximal ulna is made of the olecranon […]
Nerves of the Lower Extremity
Courtesy: Amr Abdelgawad, Maimonaides Medical Centre, Brooklyn, New York, USA Femoral Nerve (L2–L4) Origin: Lumbar plexus roots L2, L3, L4. Motor supply: Quadriceps femoris, iliacus, sartorius, and part of pectineus. Primary function: Knee extension and hip flexion. Located lateral to the femoral sheath (which contains the femoral artery and vein). Travels within the iliopsoas muscle […]
Foot and Ankle Anatomy for the Boards
Courtesy: Amr Abdelgawad, Maimonaides Medical Centre, NY, USA Posterolateral Approach to the Ankle Commonly used for ORIF of posterior malleolus fractures. Interval: between peroneal tendons (lateral) and flexor hallucis longus (medial). Flexor hallucis longus muscle extends distally close to the ankle (“beef to heel” characteristic). Structure at risk: Sural nerve. Small saphenous vein lies medial […]
Plantaris Tendon Rupture
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Plantaris Tendon Rupture (Tennis Leg): Diagnosis and Management Overview Plantaris tendon rupture is a relatively uncommon but important cause of acute calf pain, often referred to as “tennis leg.” It typically presents with a sudden onset of pain in the calf, frequently mimicking more serious […]
Subacromial Balloon Spacer
Courtesy: Uma Srikumaran, MD, MPH, MBA Associate Professor, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD