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Integrating Principles and Evidence

Integrating Principles and Evidence

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Fracture Humerus and Radial Nerve Palsy

Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Radial nerve can be identified as it runs through the spiral groove between the heads of triceps. The nerve lies posterior to the deltoid tuberosity. The nerve crosses the posterior aspect of the humerus about 20 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle and about 15cm proximal […]

Elbow Pain: Causes and Treatment

Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA ELBOW PAIN CAUSES AND TREATMENT Elbow pain has several common causes It is important to make the correct cause of elbow pain so that appropriate treatment can be give to the patient The site and location of different causes of elbow pain appears to be close […]

Must-Know MCQs for the Fellowship Exam

Courtesy: Zaid Al-RUb, FRCS Orth, Founder, OrthoPass   Courtesy: Zaid Al-Rub, Founder and CEO, OrthoPass Gap Balancing in Total Knee Replacement Scenario Primary Total Knee Replacement (TKR). After distal femur and proximal tibial cuts: Extension gap – tight Flexion gap – balanced First Step Posterior capsule release Principles of Gap Balancing Rule 1: Address soft tissue before additional […]

Anatomy of the Elbow

Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA   Anatomy of the Elbow Elbow is made of following bones Humerus, Radius and Ulna The lower end of the humerus have two epicondyles: lateral epicondyle and medial epicondyle and it also has the capitellum laterally and the trochlea medially The proximal ulna is made of the olecranon […]

Nerves of the Lower Extremity

Courtesy: Amr Abdelgawad, Maimonaides Medical Centre, Brooklyn, New York, USA Femoral Nerve (L2–L4) Origin: Lumbar plexus roots L2, L3, L4. Motor supply: Quadriceps femoris, iliacus, sartorius, and part of pectineus. Primary function: Knee extension and hip flexion. Located lateral to the femoral sheath (which contains the femoral artery and vein). Travels within the iliopsoas muscle […]

Foot and Ankle Anatomy for the Boards

Courtesy: Amr Abdelgawad, Maimonaides Medical Centre, NY, USA Posterolateral Approach to the Ankle Commonly used for ORIF of posterior malleolus fractures. Interval: between peroneal tendons (lateral) and flexor hallucis longus (medial). Flexor hallucis longus muscle extends distally close to the ankle (“beef to heel” characteristic). Structure at risk: Sural nerve. Small saphenous vein lies medial […]

Plantaris Tendon Rupture

Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA   Plantaris Tendon Rupture (Tennis Leg): Diagnosis and Management Overview Plantaris tendon rupture is a relatively uncommon but important cause of acute calf pain, often referred to as “tennis leg.” It typically presents with a sudden onset of pain in the calf, frequently mimicking more serious […]

Subacromial Balloon Spacer

Courtesy: Uma Srikumaran, MD, MPH, MBA Associate Professor, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD

Frostbite

Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA

Acromioclavicular Joint Injury

? Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Rockwood Classification Type I: Sprain of the AC ligament. Normal radiograph Type II: AC ligament tear, coracoclavicular ligaments sprained. Radiograph demonstrates AC joint widening (normal AC joint distance is 1 to 3mm). Stress views show identical coracoclavicular distance compared to uninvolved side  Type III: AC […]

Outerbridge Classification of Cartilage defects

? Courtesy: Christopher McCrum, UT SouthWestern, Dallas, Texas, USA Outerbridge Bentley Classification: Grade I lesion: articular surfaces that are swollen, soft, and in some cases blistered. Grade II lesions: characterized by articular fissures and clefts with diameters <1 cm. Grade III lesions: deep fissures extending to subchondral bone with diameters >1 cm. Grade IV lesions: […]