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Endoscopy for Peritrochanteric Disorders

Courtesy: Eurico Monteiro MD, Porto, Portugal Peritrochanteric Space Disorders Introduction Peritrochanteric space disorders refer to pathology occurring in the region between the iliotibial band (ITB) and the greater trochanter of the femur. These conditions commonly present as: Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS) GTPS is a broad clinical entity that includes: Gluteus medius tears Gluteus […]

Kanavel’s Signs, Infection of the flexor tendons

Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Kanavel Signs (Flexor Tendon Sheath Infection) Definition Kanavel signs are a group of four clinical findings suggestive of: Pyogenic Flexor Tenosynovitis Clinical Significance Critical for early diagnosis of flexor tendon sheath infections Helps guide urgent management decisions The Four Kanavel Signs 1. Uniform Swelling of […]

Gower’s Sign

Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Gowers Sign Definition Gowers sign describes a patient who uses the hands and arms to “walk up” the thighs/body in order to rise from the floor and achieve a standing position. Mechanism It occurs due to weakness of the proximal lower-limb muscles, particularly: Gluteal muscles […]

Drop Arm sign in Rotator Cuff Disease

Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Drop Arm Sign Purpose The Drop Arm sign is used to assess for a: Rotator cuff tear Technique Place the patient’s arm in an abducted position. Ask the patient to lower the arm. Normal Rotator Cuff The patient can: Smoothly and controllably lower the arm from […]

Talus Fractures and Dislocations

Courtesy: Lyndon Mason FRCSOrth, Liverpool Foot and Ankle, UK Overview Talar fractures are uncommon injuries There are no studies higher than Level III evidence The majority of available literature consists of Level IV and Level V studies Current management principles are therefore based largely on accepted clinical wisdom Accepted Principles (“Accepted Wisdom”) Management of talar […]

Graft Options in ACL Reconstruction

Courtesy: Theo Bouras MD, PhD, Patras, Greece Graft selection in ACL reconstruction The ACL ligament is the main stabilizer for the anterior translation of the tibia. It also contributes in rotational stability along with medial meniscus. It consists 90 percent of collagen type 1, 10 percent of collagen type 3, has 2 bundles the anteromedial […]

ACL Injuries: Management Principles

Courtesy: Prof Wolf Petersen MD, Martin Luther Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany

Clonus Sign for Cervical Myelopathy

? Clonus Sign for cervical myelopathy The Clonus Sign is involuntary, sustained, rhythmic beating movements of the ankle with firm, passive stretch of the achilles tendon gastrocnemius complex. This clonus is associated with an upper motor neuron lesion. Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA

Thompson Test for Achilles tendon tear

Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Thompson Test Purpose The Thompson test is a physical examination maneuver used to assess the: Integrity of the Achilles tendon Patient Position Patient lies prone. Feet are allowed to hang over the edge of the examination table. Technique Examiner squeezes the calf muscles of the […]

Volar Osteotomy for Distal Radius Malunion

Courtesy: Ashok Gavaskar, Chennai

MIS Corpectomy for Thoracolumbar Fractures

Courtesy: Jacob Oh, Chief of Spine Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Introduction Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are becoming increasingly common due to the growing prevalence of osteoporosis. While many fractures can be managed conservatively or with posterior fixation alone, certain fracture patterns require anterior column reconstruction to achieve adequate stability, decompression, and long […]