Paper I- Basic Sciences Applied to Orthopaedics & Traumatology The Book Essay: (20) 1. Enumerate blood supply of long bones. Classify and management of Chronic osteomyelitis Short essays: (8×10=80) 2. Gluteus medius 3. Synovial fluid analysis 4. Lachman test 5. Carpal tunnel syndrome 6. Endosteal ossification 7. Physeal plate anatomy and congenital disorders affecting physeal […]
Osseointegration in Amputee Reconstruction
Courtesy: Dr Taylor J Reif, Hospital for Special Surgery New York Osseointegration in Amputee Reconstruction: Indications, Implantation, and Soft-Tissue Principles 1. Limitations of Conventional Socket Prostheses Socket-Interface Biomechanics: Conventional sockets act as an uncoupled interface; cyclical pistoning and dynamic displacement of the residual bone inside the soft-tissue sleeve alter mechanical load transfer. Suspended residual […]
Tibial Transverse Bone Transport
? Courtesy: Dr Gustavo Lucar MD, Barcelona, Spain Tibial Transverse Bone Transport (TTBT) for Diabetic & Ischemic Foot Salvage 1. Background & Biomechanical/Biological Basis Historical Origins: Derived from Ilizarov distraction osteogenesis principles (originally described in the 1950s). Distraction tension across an osteotomy gap induces angiogenesis alongside osteogenesis. Biological Rationale: Translating a vascularized cortical bone […]
Hamstring Injuries in Athletes
? Courtesy: Prof Justin W Arner, Pittsburgh University Hamstring Injuries in Athletes: Evaluation, Classification, and Management 1. Epidemiology & Pathomechanics Prevalence: Accounts for up to 29% of all athletic muscle injuries, causing substantial time lost from sport. Recurrence Rates: High reinjury rate of 12% to 31% (up to 20% reinjury per season in soccer/football […]
CPAH Classification System- Hip
?? Courtesy: Prof Max Ettinger, Oldenburg, Germany Coronal Plane Alignment of the Hip (CPAH) Classification System 1. Biomechanical Background & Evolution Beyond Dorr Limitations of Isolated Dorr Morphology: The classic Dorr classification categorizes proximal intramedullary canal geometry into Type A (champagne-flute), Type B (transitional/normal), and Type C (stovepipe). Canal geometry accounts for only one parameter […]
Endoscopic Cervical Spine Surgery
?? Courtesy: Prof Osama N Kashlan, Dubai, UAE Endoscopic Cervical Spine Surgery: 1. Learning Curve & Prerequisites Progression Pathway: Begin with lumbar transforaminal and interlaminar microdiscectomies. Attain proficiency in lumbar canal stenosis decompression (unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression [ULBD]) over 40 to 50 cases before transitioning to the cervical spine. Initial Cervical Procedures: Posterior […]
Meniscal Transplants
?? Courtesy: Grant Garcia MD, Seattle Meniscal Allograft Transplantation (MAT): Clinical Evaluation and Surgical Principles 1. Indications, Contraindications, and Biological Pillars Primary Indications: Symptomatic, biomechanically absent or deficient meniscus presenting with persistent pain and joint effusion. Meniscal deficiency in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (transplantation restores secondary joint stability). Meniscal deficiency […]
Ultrasound Guided procedures and future of Shoulder Repair
Courtesy: Alexandre Laedermann, Geneva, Switzerland Master Lecture Overview: Ultrasound Literacy, Percutaneous Repair, and The Future of Shoulder Surgery Speaker Profile, Academic Pedigree & Disclosures Speaker Identity: Dr. Alexander Lädermann, MD (Geneva, Switzerland). Primary Positions: Privatdozent (PD) at the University of Geneva. Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of BeeMed (orthopedic educational platform). Former clinical and research fellow […]
Ligament Reconstruction for Chronic Elbow Instability
Courtesy: Pierre Laumonerie MD, Paris, France Elbow Ligament Reconstruction: Current Concepts and Minimally Invasive Techniques Introduction Elbow stability depends on a delicate balance between: Static stabilizers Ligament complexes Joint capsule Osseous congruency Dynamic stabilizers Surrounding musculature When this balance is disrupted, elbow instability develops. Successful reconstruction therefore requires an understanding of the underlying anatomy and […]
Post Menisectomy Syndrome
? Courtesy: Prof Michael Hantes, President, ESSKA Management of Post-Meniscectomy Syndrome Introduction Post-meniscectomy syndrome refers to pain occurring in a previously meniscectomized knee, involving either the medial or lateral compartment. Symptoms may develop within 1–5 years following meniscectomy, although the interval can be longer. Pain is the characteristic presenting symptom. The syndrome is primarily […]
Rotator Cuff Tear: Who heals and who doesn’t?
Courtesy: Berte Boe, Vice President, ESSKA Can We Predict Whether Rotator Cuff Repair Will Heal? Introduction Rotator cuff repair can provide significant improvements in pain, function, and shoulder strength. However, structural healing is influenced by multiple patient-, tear-, biological-, surgical-, and rehabilitation-related factors. A key challenge is determining: Whether a rotator cuff tear is […]
Stemless Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Courtesy: Mr Shahbaz Malik FRCS Orth, West Midlands, UK Stemless Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Elderly Patients Overview Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (aTSA) is a highly effective treatment for primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis, consistently providing excellent pain relief, improved shoulder function, and enhanced quality of life. While reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has become increasingly popular […]
Distal Biceps Rupture
Courtesy: Pierre Lamaunorie, Tolouse, France Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures Overview Distal biceps tendon ruptures are relatively uncommon injuries that typically occur during an eccentric contraction of the biceps muscle, often with the elbow in a semi-flexed position. Although frequently perceived as isolated traumatic events, these injuries usually result from a combination of chronic tendon […]
Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Fusion
Courtesy: Osama Kashlan, Professor of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Fusion Overview Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (MISS) has revolutionized the treatment of lumbar spine disorders by minimizing tissue disruption, reducing postoperative pain, and accelerating recovery. However, the adoption of minimally invasive techniques in the cervical spine has been comparatively slower due […]
Chronic Shoulder Dislocations
‘ Courtesy: Michell Ruiz, Mexico Chronic Shoulder Dislocations Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Management Chronic shoulder dislocations remain one of the most challenging conditions in shoulder surgery. Delayed diagnosis, complex pathology, and variable presentation require an individualized treatment strategy based on patient factors, chronicity, and associated injuries. Epidemiology Acute Shoulder Dislocations Anterior dislocations: Approximately […]