Courtesy: Pierre Lamaunorie, Tolouse, France Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures Overview Distal biceps tendon ruptures are relatively uncommon injuries that typically occur during an eccentric contraction of the biceps muscle, often with the elbow in a semi-flexed position. Although frequently perceived as isolated traumatic events, these injuries usually result from a combination of chronic tendon […]
Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Fusion
Courtesy: Osama Kashlan, Professor of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Fusion Overview Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (MISS) has revolutionized the treatment of lumbar spine disorders by minimizing tissue disruption, reducing postoperative pain, and accelerating recovery. However, the adoption of minimally invasive techniques in the cervical spine has been comparatively slower due […]
Chronic Shoulder Dislocations
‘ Courtesy: Michell Ruiz, Mexico Chronic Shoulder Dislocations Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Management Chronic shoulder dislocations remain one of the most challenging conditions in shoulder surgery. Delayed diagnosis, complex pathology, and variable presentation require an individualized treatment strategy based on patient factors, chronicity, and associated injuries. Epidemiology Acute Shoulder Dislocations Anterior dislocations: Approximately […]
Boxer’s Fracture
? Fracture of the neck of the fifth metacarpal. Most common metacarpal fracture. Usually occurs after striking a hard object with a clenched fist. Mechanism of Injury Mechanism Direct axial load through a clenched fist. Commonly occurs after punching a wall or another person. Force is transmitted through the fifth metacarpal, causing fracture at […]
Fracture Complications in Children
? Courtesy- Dr Nabil Supracondylar Fracture of the Humerus Cubitus varus. Volkmann ischemic contracture. Lateral Condyle Fracture of the Humerus Cubitus valgus. Nonunion. Radial Neck Fracture Associated with compartment syndrome. Midshaft Radius and Ulna Fracture Refracture, especially after implant removal. Distal Ulna Physeal Injury Growth arrest in approximately 50% of cases. […]
Shoulder Muscle Anatomy
Courtesy- Dr Nabil The shoulder joint Formed by the scapula (shoulder blade) and the humerus. Shoulder function Movement and stability are provided by the muscles surrounding the shoulder joint and scapula. Posterior Shoulder Muscles Supraspinatus Initiates shoulder abduction. Stabilizes the glenohumeral joint. Infraspinatus Primary external rotator of the shoulder. Provides dynamic stability. […]
Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture and the Hook Test
? Courtesy- Dr Nabil Overview • Distal biceps tendon rupture is an injury of the distal insertion of the biceps tendon at the radial tuberosity. • It usually results from a sudden eccentric load applied to a flexed elbow. • The Hook Test is one of the most reliable clinical tests for […]
Tennis Elbow and Golfer’s Elbow
Courtesy – Dr Nabil Ebrahim • Most common cause of lateral elbow pain. • Degenerative tendinopathy involving the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon. • Caused by repetitive overuse rather than acute inflammation. Golfer’s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis) • Overuse injury involving the common flexor tendon origin. • Produces pain over the medial epicondyle. Anatomy Bony […]
PG Exam Questions 2025-B
PG Degree Examinations in Orthopaedics (MS) – July 2025 The Book Paper I- Basic Sciences Applied to Orthopaedics & Traumatology Essay: 1. Septic arthritis of hip joint in infant. Discuss the clinical features, management and complications. Short Essays: 2. Claw hand 3. Calcitonin 4. Madras foot 5. Principles of tumor excision 6. Hawkin’s sign 7. […]
PG Exam Questions 2026-A
PG Degree Examinations in Orthopaedics (MS) – April 2026 The Book Paper I- Basic Sciences Applied to Orthopaedics & Traumatology Essay 1. Septic Arthritis of Knee. Discuss the clinical features, management and complications. Short Essays 2. Arches of Foot 3. Fracture Disease 4.Hydroxyapatite 5.Thomas Splint 6. Fracture Healing 7.Tophi 8.ARDS 9. Comparment Syndrome ***************** Paper […]
PG Exam Questions 2025-C
PG Degree Examinations in Orthopaedics (MS) – November 2025 The Book Paper I- Basic Sciences Applied to Orthopaedics & Traumatology Essay: […]
PG Exam Questions 2025-A
PG Degree Examinations in Orthopaedics (MS) – January 2025 The Book Paper I- Basic Sciences Applied to Orthopaedics & Traumatology Essay: […]
PG Exam Questions 2024-B
PG Degree Examinations in Orthopaedics (MS) – June 2024 The Book Paper I – Basic Sciences Applied to Orthopaedics & Traumatology Essay: 1. Write a note on patho-anatomy of tuberculosis knee joint in adult, clinical features, complications and management. Short Essays: 2. Arches of the foot. 3. Madura foot. 4. Denosumab. 5. Gluteus medius. 6. […]
PG Exam Questions 2024-A
PG Degree Examinations in Orthopaedics (MS) – January 2024 The Book Paper I-Basic Sclences Applied to Orthopaedics & Traumatology Essay: […]
PG Exam Questions 2023-A
PG Degree Examinations in Orthopaedics (MS) – July 2023 The Book Paper I – Basic Sciences Applied to Orthopaedics & Traumatology Essays: Aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of myositis ossificans Short Essays: Carpal tunnel syndrome Functional cast bracing Ultrasound in orthopaedics Ganz safe surgical dislocation of hip Tourniquet Bone Transport and Regenerate Synovial fluid analysis […]