OrthopaedicPrinciples.com

Integrating Principles and Evidence

Integrating Principles and Evidence

-Sports Knee

Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries

Courtesy: Prof Wolf Petersen, Martin Luther Krakenhaus, Berlin, Germany Anatomy of the Medial Collateral Ligament Complex The medial side of the knee consists of three principal ligamentous structures: 1. Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament Origin: Medial femoral epicondyle Insertion: Approximately 7–8 centimeters distal to the joint line, below the pes anserinus Function: Primary restraint to valgus […]

Maximising Meniscal Healing

Courtesy: Justin Arner MD, Associate Professor, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Meniscus Anatomy and Function The medial meniscus is C-shaped; the lateral meniscus is more U-shaped and mobile. Composed primarily of: Type I collagen (predominantly peripheral) Type II collagen (more central) High water content Glycosaminoglycans Functions: Load transmission Shock absorption Stability Lubrication Proprioception Vascular Zones […]

MPFL reconstruction

Courtesy: Dr Strickland, Ashok Shyam TV, Ortho Background and Evolution of Treatment Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction was rarely performed two decades ago. The ligament was historically under-recognized in patellar instability. Over the last 12 to 13 years, understanding of its importance has significantly increased. Patellar instability can lead to: Loss of athletic participation for an […]

Lateral meniscus root repair

Courtesy: Dr Ranawat, Ashok Shyam TV, Ortho Evolution in Meniscus Root Management Meniscus root repair represents a major advancement in knee preservation surgery. The medial root has transformed arthritis prevention strategies. The lateral root is increasingly recognized as critical for knee stability, particularly in anterior cruciate ligament–deficient knees. Modern sports medicine now emphasizes identifying and […]

MPFL Repair-Graft Position

Courtesy: Dr B Sabnis, Ashok Shyam TV, Ortho MPFL Anatomy Overview The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is a fan-shaped structure. Length varies with body habitus: Approximately 46–49 mm in smaller Asian populations. Approximately 50–56 mm in Caucasian populations. Indian population typically in between. Width ranges widely (3–30 mm), consistent with its fan-shaped configuration. Patellar Attachment […]

Medial meniscus root repair

Courtesy: Dr Strickland, Ashok Shyam TV, Ortho Changing Perspective Repair of medial meniscus root tears has gained momentum only in the last several years. Historically, many of these tears—especially in middle-aged patients—were treated nonoperatively or with meniscectomy. These are sometimes referred to as “underserved tears” because they were frequently missed or undertreated. The key questions: […]

MCL Injury Treatment

Courtesy: Dr Andy Williams, Ashok Shyam, Ortho TV Understanding the Medial Collateral Ligament in Knee Stability Introduction Research over recent years has focused on improving the understanding of the medial collateral ligament of the knee. The goal has been to study three key aspects: Detailed anatomy Biomechanics Surgical techniques for injury management These studies have […]

ACL Tears in adolescents

Courtesy: Maria Tuca, Ashok Shyam, Ortho TV Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Adolescents: Key Principles of Management Introduction Injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament in adolescents are increasingly common. These injuries should not be managed using the same strategies applied to adults. Adolescents represent a unique patient group due to: Open growth plates High activity […]

Meniscus Repair

Courtesy: Dr Dinshaw Pardiwala, Ashok Shyam, Ortho TV Practical Considerations in Meniscus Repair Introduction Meniscus injuries are among the most common problems encountered by knee surgeons. Management decisions often depend on multiple factors, including: Patient age Activity level Tear pattern Associated ligament injuries Limb alignment Modern practice increasingly emphasizes meniscal preservation rather than meniscectomy, especially […]

Multi Ligament Knee Injuries-Approach

Courtesy: Dr Brett Fritsch, Ashok Shyam, Ortho TV Management of Multi-Ligament Knee Injuries Definition A multi-ligament knee injury involves complete disruption of at least two of the four major ligament complexes of the knee. In cases of knee dislocation: Classification is based on the position of the tibia relative to the femur. If the dislocation […]