Clinical Examination of the Shoulder
Courtesy: Prof Young Lae Moon, Seoul, South Korea Comprehensive Shoulder Physical Examination Orthopaedic Principles – Webinar Summary 1. Introduction A systematic shoulder examination is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. A structured, stepwise approach improves diagnostic precision and reduces missed pathology. Key focus: Cervical spine assessment Rotator cuff evaluation Shoulder instability assessment 2. Core…
Tennis Elbow
? Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis) Definition Tennis elbow, also called lateral epicondylitis, is an overuse injury. It causes: Inflammation Tendinosis Lateral elbow pain The pathology occurs at the origin of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB) muscle. Pain is located on the outer (lateral) side of…
Baker’s Cyst
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Baker’s Cyst (Popliteal Cyst) Definition Baker’s cyst, also called a popliteal cyst, is a benign swelling located behind the knee. It may vary in size, from small to large. It is a fluid-filled cyst, not a solid tumor. The cyst should transilluminate. Anatomy and Pathophysiology The…
Common Nerve Conditions of the Upper Extremity
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA 1. Nerve Injuries in Supracondylar Fracture of the Humerus (Children) Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children are commonly associated with nerve injuries. Extension Type (Most Common) Most common type of supracondylar fracture. Commonly associated with: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy It is essentially a high…
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Nerve Injuries of the Lower Extremity
Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA 1. Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Overview One of the most common nerve injuries in the lower extremity. Approximately 80% of cases have no identifiable cause. Involves compression of the posterior tibial nerve. Symptoms Burning sensation Numbness Tingling Electric shock–like pain Symptoms occur on the plantar (bottom) aspect…
Understanding Ulnar Nerve Facts
? Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA 1. Causes of Ulnar Nerve Compression The most common cause: Compression between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris. Other causes include: Anconeus epitrochlearis muscle. Arcade of Struthers. Differentiate between: Arcade of Struthers – may compress the ulnar nerve. Ligament of Struthers – associated…