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Integrating Principles and Evidence

Integrating Principles and Evidence

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Metastatic Spinal Tumours

Courtesy: Orthopaedic Principles ICL Kochi by Dr Hitesh Gopalan • Metastatic disease of the spine is quite common, Skeletal system is the third most common organ affected by metastatic cancer, after the lungs and the liver • Symptomatic spinal metastasis is the initial manifestation of malignancy in 12% to 20% of cases and metastasis is […]

Holstein Lewis Fracture

Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim Holstein – Lewis fracture is a spiral fracture involving the distal third of the humerus, which causes entrapment of the radial nerve.The radial nerve originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. As the radial nerve travels to the humerus, it provides innervation to the dorsal upper arm muscles.The radial […]

Autonomic Dysreflexia

• Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is an abnormal response to painful stimuli below the level of spinal cord injury (SCI). • It is usually a sequel to spinal cord injury at T6 or level above that. • The incidence of AD for SCIs above T6 is between 50% and 70%. • It can cause very high […]

Spondylolisthesis

Courtesy: Orthopaedic Principles ICL Kochi by Dr Hitesh Gopalan Radiological Findings of Spondylolisthesis • Spinous Process Sign of Bryk and Rosenkranz In spondylolisthesis due to spondylolysis (True): The step will be at a level higher than the slippage. In pseudospondylolisthesis due to degenerative disease, the step will be at a level below the slippage. • […]

Calcaneal Fracture Classification

Courtesy: Prof Nabil Ebraheim Classification: Extra Articular Fractures • Anterior process fractures • Tuberosity fractures • Medial process fractures • Sustentacular fractures • Body fractures not involving the subtalar articulation Intra Articular Fractures (Essex Lopresti Classification) Intra- articular fractures involve the subtalar joint. They have primary and secondary fracture lines. Intra articular fractures are more […]

Intervertebral Disc Prolapse-Current Concepts

Courtesy: Orthopaedic Principles ICL Kochi by Dr Hitesh Gopalan The microsurgical lumbar discectomy (MLD) technique, that allows for magnified visualization of the precise pathology through a small incision, less traumatic tissue dissection of the muscles, easier identification of deep-seated structures, gentle manipulation of neural structures, and a direct view of the disc space has become […]

Lisfranc Joint Injuries

Courtesy: Orthopaedic Princples ICL Kochi by Dr Hitesh Gopalan LISFRANC INJURIES Any bony or ligamentous injury involving the tarsometatarsal joint complex Named after the napolenic era surgeon who described amputations at this level without ever defining a specific injury Lisfranc joint articulation between the 3 cuneiforms and cuboid and the base of the 5 metatarsals […]