Exam Module- Upper Limb Trauma

1. The most significant risk factor for nonunion of fractures of the middle third of the clavicle is which of the following?

2. The most common site of developmental nonunion is between which of the following

acromial ossification centers?

3. A 23-year –old male suffers from left medial clavicle pain and hoarseness of voice after a road traffic accident.  There are no fractures, but on a 40-degree cephalic tilt AP view of both clavicles (serendipity view), the left medial clavicle appears to be caudally displaced (relative to the level of the right medial clavicle).  What is the diagnosis?

4. The ‘safe zone” for placement of hardware in radial head fracture is 100 degrees centered over the coronal equator, with the forearm held in what position?

5. What is the most common complication after antegrade intramedullary nail fixation of a humeral shaft fracture?

6. The humeral head is predominantly perfused by which of the following vessels?

7. Essex Lopresti injury results from fall on what position of the forearm?

8. Which of the following is not a component of the “superior shoulder suspensory complex?

9. What radiological finding is pathognomic of scapulothoracic dissociation?

10. Which of the following proximal humerus fractures typically have the most favorable outcome if managed by ORIF rather than immediate hemiarthroplasty?